Could psilocybin be the key to treating anorexia?

(scientificamerican.com)

30 points | by tzury 2 hours ago

8 comments

  • bbayles 8 minutes ago
    Anecdata, but an acquaintance of mine struggled with lifelong anorexia. Severe enough that he was hospitalized a few times. With great effort he could cling to the bottom of the "normal BMI" range, but his life was generally ruled by the eating disorder - he couldn't have meals with people, he had to do various exercise rituals.

    He was an early participant in one of these psychedelic studies a few years ago. After the first treatment, he said he couldn't really tell if it had any effect. But six months later, he was totally changed - able to function almost normally.

    We should exercise our usual amount of skepticism about miracle treatments, but my hope is that his experience can be replicated.

  • ulrikrasmussen 44 minutes ago
    I lost a family member to anorexia, and the only thing I really regret is that I didn't suggest that we try psychedelic therapy now that everything else had failed and things looked pretty grim. I mostly blame myself for not pushing the idea. But I am also angry at the war on drugs which has caused all use of psychoactive drugs to be associated with such taboo.
  • inigyou 1 hour ago
    Psychedelics open your brain up to rewiring in some way, and can be used under direction to treat a lot of things. But of course, people who didn't like the Vietnam War used them recreationally, which is why the US government made them globally illegal.
    • an0malous 1 hour ago
      Psychedelics desolve the conceptual prison your mind is in, the government made them illegal because they build those prisons.

      Charitably, you could argue a functional society involves some amount of indoctrination into a set of shared beliefs and a large percentage of people losing that indoctrination would destroy society. Could the US function if everyone was a pacifist, anti-capitalist, hippie? I think that was and still is the primary concern.

      • bushwart 44 minutes ago
        Psychedelics can dissolve more than the mind's conceptual prisons, perhaps much more of the mind than one would like. How did the hippie-era stereotype of the burned out acid head disappear so quickly from popular culture?
        • gchamonlive 14 minutes ago
          Kary Mullis is known to have used a lot of it and discovered PCR while off psychedelics. There's also the famous Hoffman's bycicle day. The stereotype is just that, and might be a result of lack of mental stimulation rather than LSD abuse, which is possibly the safest drug in terms of toxicity.
      • inigyou 1 hour ago
        Interestingly, we know the CIA tried to use psychedelics to make people become the opposite of hippies, and they failed. This was part of MKULTRA. They were banned shortly after this failure.
      • mikert89 40 minutes ago
        anyone i have met that did Psychedelics more than a few times, permanently changed their brain chemistry in a way that was obvious. sure they dissolve some kind of prison, but many people never make it back from that dissolution and end up somewhere worse
        • bossyTeacher 5 minutes ago
          > anyone i have met that did Psychedelics more than a few times, permanently changed their brain chemistry in a way that was obvious. sure they dissolve some kind of prison, but many people never make it back from that dissolution and end up somewhere worse

          Way to generalise. I also know people who drank water, went to sleep and never woke up.

          Ego dissolution is dosage dependent and you don't need to reach that point to get positive benefits.

          Also, many people do psychdelics that probably shouldn't.

        • virgil_disgr4ce 11 minutes ago
          > did Psychedelics more than a few times

          If you want to specify LSD, you should do that, not "psychedelics." There are many, many psychedelics. They have sometimes radical differences. You cannot generalize that word into "many people never make it back." That is flat-out wrong, not to mention harmful.

    • joinjune 1 hour ago
      Drug use changes the way you vote. The people who were running the country during the Vietnam war recognized this and, along with the people who owned industry/media, didn't want that kind of change to go mainstream.
      • tokai 1 hour ago
        That was not why they started the war on drugs, and we have that on record.
        • MSFT_Edging 43 minutes ago
          Yeah, Disenfranchise the hippies and the blacks by targeting those communities with heavy policing. Sorta like today where there's similar drug use levels between white and black populations, but one side is more heavily policed than the other.
        • guerrilla 43 minutes ago
          Always beleive the record...
        • virgil_disgr4ce 13 minutes ago
          Whose record?
    • cindyllm 1 hour ago
      [dead]
  • mikert89 42 minutes ago
    Psychedelics arent that far from turning your brain off and then turning it back on again

    but anyone i have met that did Psychedelics more than a few times, permanently changed their brain chemistry in a way that was obvious. clearly they are doing some kind of unraveling that doesnt fully bounce back

    • temp0826 27 minutes ago
      Why would you want your brain to ravel back up? I've worked at ayahuasca retreats and know many people who do it for a living (who are many of the most grounded people I know). Using these things in a therapeutic manner is a completely different thing than using them recreationally, might as well be a different substance. I'd guess those people who "permanently changed their brain" (whatever that means) were not in a context for actually healing.
      • mikert89 15 minutes ago
        I believe that the drugs cause structural changes to the brain that make it more difficult to function in the reward structure of society. You can claim through a philosophical lens that society is flawed and so this is okay, but ive seen it derail peoples lives, such that they are just living in some rural area with limited participation in real life

        ive barely taken them, but i watched many people change over years of use.

        • nathan_compton 5 minutes ago
          > just living in some rural area with limited participation in real life

          They might say the same thing about your lifestyle. The "reward structure of society" is highly abstract these days, arguably disconnected from "real life". You could say monks are disconnected from "real life."

          This is a weird take, I think.

  • jdietrich 7 minutes ago
    Sorry, but the answer is almost certainly no. We now have good quality data on psylocybin as a treatment for depression; at best, it's slightly more effective than existing treatments, at the cost of a small but significant increased risk side-effects (primarily severe acute anxiety and psychosis, possibly HPPD). We have less data on other psychedelics and other conditions, but none of it looks spectacular when you take into account the usual biases affecting small trials of novel treatments.

    Psychedelics are likely to be a good option for some patients, it's good to have another tool in the armamentarium, but the idea that they're a revolution in psychiatry is simply no longer credible.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39627679/

    Disclosure: I have participated in a clinical trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression and did not see any meaningful benefit.

  • jhoechtl 1 hour ago
    We hear a lot of psilocybine lately, it cures altsheimer, people in coma awake miraculously. As long as we do not understand the workings, it reminds me of the days when radium or other nuclear substances were the cure for everything.
    • Cthulhu_ 48 minutes ago
      We don't fully understand the workings because it is (was?) classified as a drug, making research into it a lot more complicated. Thankfully there are charities and organizations that lobbied to make it more researchable.
      • cachius 18 minutes ago
        Funny how 'drug' in English is a homonym for at the same time bad recreational substance and good one to cure illness.

        In German it's Droge and Medikament

    • cachius 29 minutes ago
      We hear a lot about LLMs lately, they solve reasoning, mimic empathy, and awaken consciousness miraculously. As long as we do not understand the workings of the mind and brain, it reminds me of the days when machine learning or Bitcoin were the cure for everything.
    • nathan_compton 4 minutes ago
      I think the main difference is that radium was new and people have been using psychedelics forever.
    • inigyou 1 hour ago
      It's a drug that makes your neurons more susceptible to forming new connections. Of course it's going to be useful for a lot of brain treatment. In addition, it's highly illegal which means these things didn't get found out a lot sooner.
      • exhumet 41 minutes ago
        upside is that in most states you can just go buy the spores and they just so happen to conveniently have spawn bags right nearby. BUT DONT EVER COMBINE THE TWO AND WAIT A FEW MONTHS
        • Denatonium 22 minutes ago
          Here on the east coast, you can just wait until May comes around and it rains a couple days in a row. Then, you can just go for a walk by your local river/creek and wade through the seas of Japanese knotweed, lesser celandine, and box elder maple while looking for mushrooms growing out of the wet woody debris. Between them and nearby mulch beds, SWIM has allegedly found psilocybe ovoideocystidiata pretty consistently for the past several years, in Minecraft. Just don't try and take any shortcuts with the identification. It's better to throw out questionable specimens than risk needing a liver transplant.
  • cainxinth 1 hour ago
  • llm_nerd 1 hour ago
    This feels like a case where Betteridge's law of headlines applies, or at least should be presumed. [Recreational Drug] solves [malady] is such a hopeful go to and has recurred countless times.

    I've partaken of 'shrooms a number of times: Fun times. I've even grown them (protip - not worth the trouble. It's amazing how something that grows in literal shit is suddenly the most fragile process imaginable when you try your PFTek method, and contamination will always be ruining your process). But people keep trying to make psilocybin a magic solution, and the studies have been extremely weak if not contradictory, and these stories always lean on worthless anecdotes.

    • mosburger 1 hour ago
      Here's yet another anecdote of near-zero real value to add to the pile: I treated my severe treatment-resistant depression with ketamine infusions. It's obviously not the same as psilocybin, but I believe the current thinking is that psychoelics and dissociatives both have some positive effect on neuroplasticity, and that sorta checks out in my case. I'd say you need to combine it with some good cognitive behavioral therapy - it seemed to make CBT a lot more effective for me where it failed in the past because my brain was more open to rewiring. I haven't been re-treated in a few years now, but I still feel a lot better.

      But you're also totally right - my story is just an anecdote, and these sort of headlines that used to have cannabis as a miracle cure for all types of things seem to have been replaced with headlines about psilocybin (or occasionally, ketamine) curing everything instead. I totally get the skepticism, but I'm a believer that we might be onto something w/r/t depression or other things that are treatable via CBT at least - the article mentioned "combined with talk therapy" ... not sure what therapy method was used alongside the psilocybin.

      • MSFT_Edging 37 minutes ago
        People tend to view these things as "pop the drug, and you're cured" but if you really want to make the most of the neuroplasticity, you need to make a conscious plan ahead of time so that you can guide the trip and focus on the problems you're genuinely facing.

        The drug won't magically give you the answer but you may reach some more profound general breakthroughs regarding your own behavior, patterns you fall into unconsciously, etc.

        Similar to how addiction and associated behaviors are really only resolved when the person addicted decides to make the change, you can use these to influence into a similar state.

    • jgalt212 1 hour ago
      SciAm really should prefer a headline such as:

      Psilocybin opens up new pathways to treating anorexia

      • phoronixrly 1 hour ago
        Not even that... One quoted study says it 'provides preliminary support for the feasibility, safety and potential efficacy' of the drug. The other study is funded by a company selling psychedelics as potential medicines...